EFFECTS OF ANAEMIA ON PREGNANCY OUTCOME IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Abstract

Background: Anemia during pregnancy is highly prevalent in developing countries like India. Mostly is nutritional, of
which iron deficiency anemia is predominant. Pregnancy is a state of hemodilution, also there is an increased demand for
iron and folic acid during pregnancy. The incidence varies with socioeconomic status, literacy. Anemia has an adverse
effect on both mother and fetal outcome. A poor neonatal outcome like an increase in preterm deliveries, an increase in
IUGR/LBW, an increase in NICU admission, intrauterine death is seen. Maternal complications increase with anemia. This
study aims to study the prevalence, type of anemia and its effect on mother and fetus. The objective of the present study
was to investigate the type and degree of anemia and to study the maternal and perinatal outcome.
This study was done in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology in NMCH for a period of one year. Methods: The
study was conducted on 150 pregnant women. Hemoglobin estimation was done for all women in 3 rd. trimester. The
severity of anemia was detected by ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) classification. Depending on degree and
type of anemia all women were treated and followed up for maternal and perinatal outcomes.
Results: The incidence of mild, moderate, severe anemia was 31.33%, 56%, 12.66% respectively. Most of the anemic
woman belonged to low socioeconomic status 84%. 15.33% had maternal complications. The poor perinatal outcome
was seen in unbooked and referred cases.
Conclusions: Anemia continues to be a major problem in developing countries with poor maternal and neonatal
outcomes. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve both maternal and neonatal outcomes.