ESTIMATION OF SERUM CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM LEVELS IN TYPE-II DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

Ishtiyak Jafar, P. Satyanarayana

Abstract


Type II diabetes mellitus (DM-2) or (Non–insulin-Dependent diabetes) is an endocrinological disease associated with hyperglycemia
characterized by both insulin resistance and defective insulin secretion. Macro minerals (calcium, magnesium) play an important role in
intermediary metabolism and cellular function, including enzyme activities and electrical gradients. Disturbances in the levels of macro minerals
were found to be associated with diabetes mellitus. This study was conducted in 100 subjects, out of which 50 were type II diabetes mellitus patients
(case) and 50 were non-diabetic healthy subjects (controls)
Ÿ · Serum was used for the analysis of serum magnesium and calcium.
Ÿ · Plasma was used for the estimation of blood glucose.
Out of 50 type II diabetic patients, with 34(68%) male and 16(32%) female, it was found that there is decreases level of serum magnesium and
calcium in cases as compared to controls.
The study reveals that there is a significant low level of serum magnesium and calcium in type II diabetic patients which may be an important factor
in early onset of the disease in susceptible individuals.


Keywords


calcium, magnesium, type II diabetes mellitus.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Lippincotts illustrated Reviews Biochemistry 6th edition.Chapter-25;Diabetes Mellitus

Amos AF, McCarty DJ, Zimmet P. (1997). The rising global burden of diabetes and its complications: estimates and projections to the year 2010. Diabet.Med, 14 (Suppl. 5):S7-S85.

Cowie CC, Harris MI. (1995). Physical and metabolic characteristics of persons with diabetes. Diabetes in America. 2nd ed. National Institutes of Health, 117-164.

Grow A, Cowan RA, Stewart MJ, Shepherd J: (1999) Clinical Biochemistry. Second edition; by Churchill Livingstone; 56-67.

Bishop ML: (2003) Clinical Chemistry Principles, Procedures, Correlation. Fourth edition; By William and Wilkins Lipincott; 219-316.

Lobo DN. Fluid, electrolyte Physiological and clinical aspect. Proc Nutr Soc. 2004;63(3):453–466.

DeFronzo RA, Goldberg M, Agus ZS. The effects of glucose and insulin on renal electrolyte transport. J Clin Invest. 1976 ; 58(1):83–90.

Katz MA. Hyperglycemia-induced hyponatremia–calculation of expected serum sodium depression. N Engl J Med. 1973;289(16):843–844.

Levy J, Stern Z, Gutman A, Naparstek Y, Gavin JR, Avioli LV. Plasma calcium and phosphate levels in an adult noninsulindependent diabetic population. Calcif Tissue Int. 1986;39(5):316–318.

Viktorínová A, Toserová E, Krizko M, Durackova Z. Altered metabolism of copper, zinc, and magnesium is associated with increased levels of glycated hemoglobin in patients with diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 2009; 58:1477-1482.

Zargar AH, Shah NA, Masoodi SR, Laway BA, Dar FA, Khan AR. et al. Copper, zinc, and magnesium levels in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Postgrad Med J 1998; 74:665-668.

Ankush RD, Suryakar AN, Ankush NR. Hypomagnesaemia in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients: a study on the status of oxidative and nitrosative stress. Ind J Clin Biochem 2009; 24:184-189.

5. Evliyaoglu O, Kebapcilar L, Uzuncan N, Kılıçaslan N, Karaca B, Kocaçelebi R. et al. Correlations of serum Cu+2, Zn+2, Mg+2 and HbA1c in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Turkish Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 2004; 2: 75-79.

F Hussain, Maan MA, Sheikh MA, Nawaz H, Jamil A. Trace elements status in type 2 diabetes. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 2009; 8:44-45.

Pham T PC, Pham T PM, Pham SV, Miller JM, Pham PT. Hypomagnesemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 2: 366–373.

Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ. Magnesium metabolism in type2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.ArchBiochemBiophys 2007; 458: 40-47 [PMID: 16808892 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2006.05.007]

Resnick LM, Altura BT, Gupta RK, Laragh JH, Alderman MH,Altura BM. Intracellular and extracellular magnesium depletion in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1993; 36: 767-770 [PMID: 8405745 DOI: 10.1007/BF00401149]

Barbagallo M, Gupta RK, Dominguez LJ, Resnick LM. Cellular ionic alterations with age: relation to hypertension and diabetes. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000; 48: 1111-1116 [PMID: 10983912 DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb04788.x]

Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ, Resnick LM. Magnesium metabolism in hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Ther 2007; 14: 375-385 [PMID: 17667214 DOI: 10.1097/01. mjt.0000209676.91582.46]

McNair P, Christensen MS, Christiansen C, Madsbad S, Transbøl I. Renal hypomagnesaemia in human diabetes mellitus: its relation to glucose homeostasis. Eur J Clin Invest 1982; 12: 81-85 [PMID: 6802656 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1982.tb00942.x]

Djurhuus MS, Skøtt P, Hother-Nielson O, Klitgaard NA, Beck- Nielsen H. Insulin increases renal magnesium excretion: a possible cause of magnesium depletion in hyperinsulinaemic states. Diabet Med 1995; 12: 664-669 [PMID: 7587003 DOI: 10.1111/.1464-5491.1995.tb00566.x]

Lee CT, Lien YH, Lai LW, Chen JB, Lin CR, Chen HC. Increased renal calcium and magnesium transporter abundance in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Kidney Int 2006; 69: 1786-1791 [PMID: 16557223 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000344].

Peacock M. Calcium metabolism in health and disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010;5(Suppl1):S23–30.

Milner RD, Hales CN. The role of calcium and magnesium in insulin secretion from rabbit pancreas studied in vitro. Diabetologia. 1967;3:47–49.

Vijayalakshmi S1, Arshiya Begum A2, Nirmala Devi K3, Srivatsan E4, Latha J5, Priya A6, Saravanan B7, Vanitha K8, STUDY RELATED TO SERUM MAGNESIUM AND TYPE 2 DIABETES IN A SMALL GROUP OF PATIENTS ATTENDING MGMGH, TRICHY, 2016.

Marwa AT1*, Amar MI2 1Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, AL-Neelain University, Sudan 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, AL-Neelain University, Evaluation of Calcium, Phosphorus and Magnesium Level Among Vitamin D Deficient Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Khartoum State,2015.

A. Z. Ogunleye1* and M. F. Asaolu1 1Department of Biochemistry, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.Evaluation of Macro Minerals in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Southern Nigeria,2016.

Kocot DL, Sztanke M, Wiśniewska MN, Dąbrowski A, Andrzejewski A, Wallner G, et al. Plasma magnesium and calcium concentrations and selected biochemical parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curr Issues Pharm Med Sci 2012; 25(2):126-31.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.