COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SPECIAL AND HEMATOXYLIN & EOSIN STAINS IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA FOR KERATIN

Jyoti Bala, Uma Gupta, Shikha Saxena, Bharat Sankhla, Sundaragiri Krishna Sireesha, Akshay Bhargava, Sunil Kumar Jain

Abstract


Introduction: Keratins are most abundant structural proteins of cutaneous as well as oral epithelium. A wide range of hereditary and premalignant disorders arise due to defects in the keratinization process. It makes keratin proteins as important diagnostic marker both histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Since immune-histochemistry is an expensive diagnostic technique, the histopathological study with the help of special stains could serve as faster and economic option for visualization of keratin. Moreover, special stains are an integral part of routine histopathology as an adjunct to Hematoxylin and Eosin stain.

Aims and objectives: Aim of the present study was to compare the staining efficacy and staining intensity of special stains (AB-PAS, Rapid PAP and Gram’s stain) with respect to H&E stain for keratin.

Materials and methods: Total number of 30 diagnosed cases of oral lesions of well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC), were taken. Four sections of 4 microns thickness each were stained with Alcian Blue-Performic Acid Schiff (AB-PAS), Rapid papanicolaou (Rapid PAP), Gram stain and Hematoxylin & Eosin stain. The results were compared and analyzed statistically.

Results: Keratin is distinguished by all the four stains. AB-PAS demonstrated staining quality   comparable to that of  H&E stain, indicating it’s potential use as alternative stain for keratin.

Conclusion: The keratin is demonstrated by all the four stains. Staining specificity of AB-PAS was found best among all stains and staining intensity was comparable to that of H&E stain.


Keywords


Keratin, Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Hematoxylin & Eosin, Special stains.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Presland RB, Dale BA. Epithelial structural proteins of the skin and oral cavity: Function in Health and Disease. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2000;11(4):383­408.

Moll R, Langbein MDL. The human keratins: biology and pathology. Histochem Cell Biol 2008;129:705­733.

Berkovitz BKB, Holland GR, Moxham BJ. Oral Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, 4th ed. Edinbergh: Elsevier limited 2009; p 223­252.

Pekny M, Lane EB. Intermediate filaments and stress. Exp Cell Res 2007;313:2244­2254.

Nanci A. Ten Cate’s Oral Histology: Development, Structure, and Function, 8th ed. Missouri, USA: Mosby Elsevier; 2012.

Hofmeier J. Horn­lime plastic masses from keratin substances. German Pat. 1905;DE184915.

Bragulla HH, Homberger DG. Structure and functions of keratin proteins in simple, stratified, keratinized and cornified epithelia. J Anat 2009;214:516­559

Irvine AD, McLean WHI. Human keratin diseases: the increasing spectrum of disease and subtlety of the phenotype–genotype correlation. British Journal of Dermatology 1999;140(5):815828

Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P. Molecular biology of the cell, 4th ed. New York: Garland Science 2002; pp 924.

Garant PR. Oral cells and tissues. Ilinois: Quintessence Publishing Co., Inc. 2003; pp 89­100.

Lane EB, Mc Lean WH. Keratins and skin disorders. J Pathol 2004;204(4):355­366.

Parry DA, Strelkov SV, Burkhard P, Aebi U, Herrmann H. Towards a molecular description of intermediate filament structure and assembly. Exp Cell Res 2007;313(10):2204­2216.

Geisler N, Weber K. The amino acid sequence of chicken muscle desmin provides a common structural model for intermediate filament proteins. EMBO J 1982;1(12):1649­1656

Rao RS, Patil S, Ganavi BS. Oral Cytokeratins in Health and Disease. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(1):127-136.

Shetty S, Gokul S. Keratinization and its disorders. Oman Med J 2012;27(5):348-57

Ramulu S, Kale AD, Hallikerimath S, Kotrashetti V. Comparing modified papanicolaou stain with ayoub-shklar and haematoxylin-eosin stain for demonstration of keratin in paraffin embedded tissue sections. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2013;17:23-30.

Rao RS, Patil S. Majumdar B, Oswal RG, Comparision of special stain for keratin with routine hematoxylin and eosin stain. J Int. Oral Health 2015;7 (3):1-5.

Bancroft JD, Cook HC, Stirling RW. Manual of histological techniques and their diagnostic application. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1994; p 419­420.

Bancroft JD, Gamble M. Theory and practice of Histological Techniques, 7th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier

Scott HR, Clayton BP. A comparison of the staining affinities of aldehyde fuchsin and the Schiff reagent. J Histochem Cytochem 1953;1(5):336-52.

AI-Maaini R, Bryant P. Honey as an alternative to formalin in the demonstration of connective tissue components. J Histotechnol 2008;31(2):67-72.

Sheoni R et al., Demographic and clinical profile of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients: A retrospective study. Indian J Cancer 2012;49:21-6

Johnson Pergy L, Klein Morris N. Application of papanicolaou stain to paraffin section. Stain Technol 1956;5:223-5

Elzay RP. A modification of Papanicolaou exfoliative cytology stain to demonstrate keratin in paraffin-block tissue sections. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1983;56:51-3


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.