A STUDY OF LIPID PROFILE IN CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A stroke, or cerebrovascular accident, is defined as an abrupt onset of a neurologic deficit that is
attributable to a focal vascular cause. Stroke is a medical emergency. Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide, causing 6.2 million
deaths in 2015.
Serum lipid levels have an established effect on short term mortality due to strokes. It is important to evaluate the serum lipid levels in both types of
strokes to guide lipid lowering therapy which can reduce incidence of stroke and related mortality by adapting primary and secondary preventive
measures among the stroke patients.
The present study was designed to evaluate the lipid profile levels of patients who had experienced an acute cerebrovascular events, either
hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke.
v The objectives of the study were:
1. To correlate serum lipid profile in patients of cerebrovascular stroke.
2. To identify commonest lipid abnormality in patients of cerebrovascular stroke.
3. To identify other risk factors of dyslipidemia (like diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, alcoholism) in patients of cerebrovascular accidents.
METHOD:
This Observational cross-sectional study was done at Sir T. General Hospital and Government Medical College, Bhavnagar over a period of 1 year.
The study included 100 patients. The study was conducted in patients of cerebrovascular accidents admitted in the medical wards of Sir
Takhtasinhji General Hospital, Bhavnagar. Detailed history, clinical examination and laboratory investigations were carried out in all patients.
History of smoking, alcoholism, diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease and other co-morbidities and previous history of stroke are
recorded. All patients were subjected to haemogram, blood biochemistry (which included urea, creatinine, electrolytes) and serum lipid
profile(including total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL and VLDL) and neuroimaging (CT or MRI).
RESULT:
Ÿ In this study, 100 cases of CVA admitted to Sir Takhtasinhji General Hospital, Bhavnagar were studied during the study period of 1 year.
Ÿ In this study, out of 100 patients, 54 were males while 46 were females with high prevalence in male, with sex ratio of 1.17:1.
Ÿ Mean age of the patients in our study was 60.53 ± 14.45.
Ÿ Out of 100 patients of CVA, 83% were of infarct while 17% of ICH.
Ÿ Out of 59% patients with co morbidities, HTN was present in 33% of patients which is a commonest risk factor for CVA. DM was present in
15% patients, IHD and RHD was present in 8% and 3%, respectively.
Ÿ In our study 51% of patients were having dyslipidemia, 26% of patients were having high total cholesterol level with 36% and 55% of patients
were having high serum triglycerides level and high serum LDL-C level, respectively. Low serum HDL-C (<40 mg/dl) level was present in
46% of patients
Ÿ In our study, Mean total cholesterol level was 171.10 ± 45.08, mean serum triglycerides level was 133.01 ± 53.77, mean serum LDL-C level
was 108.44 ± 36.63, mean serum VLDL-C was 28.26 ± 11.30 and mean serum HDL-C level was 44.45 ± 16.89.
CONCLUSION:
Ÿ It can conclude from our study that males suffer more from CVA than females.
Ÿ Most of the CVA occurs in age group 51-70 years, among elderly people.
Ÿ HTN is the commonest risk factor followed by DM and IHD.
Ÿ Dyslipidemia is one the major risk factors in CVA patients, thus early detection of dyslipidemia and treatment with drugs along with dietary
modifications and life style changes can reduce the risk of CVA.
Ÿ Most common lipid abnormality found in our study was high serum LDL-C level followed by low serum HDL-C level.
Regular monitoring of lipid profile among CVA patients may decrease the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases among the CVA
patients