ECOFRIENDLY SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING PEEL EXTRACTS OF CITRUS RETICULATA

Keshamma E, Haleshappa R, Rajeev R Kolgi, Vishwanatha T

Abstract


Objective: Nanoparticles synthesized using variety of hazardous chemical methods which are not environmentally friendly. Hence, the present study was designed to synthesize silver nanoparticles biologically using peel extract of Citrus reticulata and characterization of biosynthesized silver nanoparticle.

Methods: In our study silver nanoparticles were synthesized with peel extract of Citrus reticulata fruit and aqueous solution of 1 mM silver nitrate solution and then characterized using UV-Visble, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) methods. Absorption maxima for silver colloidal solution showed at 420 nm in a UV-visible spectrum. The functional biomolecules such as carboxyl groups responsible for the silver nanoparticles formation were characterized by FTIR. Results: The x-ray diffraction results revealed that the crystallization of the bioorganic phase occurs on the surface of the silver nanoparticles or vice-versa. The broadening of peaks in the x-ray diffraction patterns was ascribed to particle size effects. In our study, presence of elemental silver was proven by EDX analysis and x-ray diffration evidenced that the silver ions have been reduced to elemental silver. In conclusion, our study demonstrated simple benign, cost-effective biosynthesis methods of silver nanoparticles using peel extract of Citrus reticulata fruits.

Conclusion: our findings could be explored for industrial production of nanoparticles and their use in biomedical and pharmacy applications.


Keywords


Citrus reticulata, Silver nanoparticles, Biosynthesis, Vitamin C

Full Text:

PDF

References


Antonyraj, C. A., Jeong, J., Kim, B., Shin, S., Kim, S., Lee, K. Y., & Cho, J. K. (2013). Selective oxidation of HMF to DFF using Ru/γ-alumina catalyst in moderate boiling solvents toward industrial production. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 19(3), 1056-1059.

Neville, F., Pchelintsev, N. A., Broderick, M. J., Gibson, T., & Millner, P. A. (2009). Novel one-pot synthesis and characterization of bioactive thiol-silicate nanoparticles for biocatalytic and biosensor applications. Nanotechnology, 20(5), 055612.

Staniland, S. S. (2007). Magnetosomes: Bacterial biosynthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and potential biomedical applications. Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences: Online.

Shivaji, S., Madhu, S., & Singh, S. (2011). Extracellular synthesis of antibacterial silver nanoparticles using psychrophilic bacteria. Process Biochemistry, 46(9), 1800-1807.

Stephen, J. R., & Macnaughtont, S. J. (1999). Developments in terrestrial bacterial remediation of metals. Current opinion in biotechnology, 10(3), 230-233.

San Chan, Y., & Don, M. M. (2013). Biosynthesis and structural characterization of Ag nanoparticles from white rot fungi. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 33(1), 282-288.

Syed, A., Saraswati, S., Kundu, G. C., & Ahmad, A. (2013). Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Humicola sp. and evaluation of their cytoxicity using normal and cancer cell lines. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 114, 144-147.

Arumugam, P., & Berchmans, S. (2011). Synthesis of gold nanoparticles: an ecofriendly approach using Hansenula anomala. ACS applied materials & interfaces, 3(5), 1418-1425.

Akhtar, M. S., Panwar, J., & Yun, Y. S. (2013). Biogenic synthesis of metallic nanoparticles by plant extracts. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 1(6), 591-602.

Kanchi, S., Kumar, G., Lo, A. Y., Tseng, C. M., Chen, S. K., Lin, C. Y., & Chin, T. S. (2018). Exploitation of de-oiled jatropha waste for gold nanoparticles synthesis: a green approach. Arabian journal of chemistry, 11(2), 247-255.

Ehrhardt, D. W., Frommer, W. B. (2012). New technologies for 21st century plant science. The Plant Cell, 24, 374-394.

Prakash, N. U., Sripriya, N., Bhuvaneswari, S. (2013). Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles: Role of Plant Secondary Metabolites in Synthesis of Nanoparticles. AICTE sponsored FDP on Application of Nanotechnology in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedure, Chennai.

Stange Jr, R. R., Midland, S. L., Eckert, J. W., & Sims, J. J. (1993). An antifungal compound produced by grapefruit and Valencia orange after wounding of the peel. Journal of Natural Products, 56(9), 1627-1629.

Awad, M. A., Hendi, A. A., Ortashi, K. M., Elradi, D. F., Eisa, N. E., Al-lahieb, L. A., ... & Awad, A. A. (2014). Silver nanoparticles biogenic synthesized using an orange peel extract and their use as an anti-bacterial agent. Int. J. Phys. Sci, 9(3), 34-40.

Johnson, I., & Prabu, H. J. (2015). Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles by leaf extracts of Cycas circinalis, Ficus amplissima, Commelina benghalensis and Lippia nodiflora. International Nano Letters, 5(1), 43-51.

Darroudi, M., Ahmad, M. B., Zamiri, R., Abdullah, A. H., Ibrahim, N. A., Shameli, K., & Husin, M. S. (2011). Preparation and characterization of gelatin mediated silver nanoparticles by laser ablation. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 509(4), 1301-1304.

Agnihotri, S., Mukherji, S., & Mukherji, S. (2014). Size-controlled silver nanoparticles synthesized over the range 5–100 nm using the same protocol and their antibacterial efficacy. Rsc Advances, 4(8), 3974-3983.

Caroling, G., Tiwari, S. K., Ranjitham, A. M., & Suja, R. (2013). Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous broccoli extract-characterization and study of antimicrobial, cytotoxic effects. Asian J Pharm Clin Res, 6(4), 165-172.

Rajakannu, S., Shankar, S., Perumal, S., Subramanian, S., & Dhakshinamoorthy, G. P. (2015). Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Garcinia mangostana fruit extract and their antibacterial, antioxidant activity. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci, 4, 944-952.

Jiang, P., Xie, S. S., Yao, J. N., Pang, S. J., & Gao, H. J. (2001). The stability of self-organized 1-nonanethiol-capped gold nanoparticle monolayer. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 34(15), 2255.

Shah, A. T., Din, M. I., Bashir, S., Qadir, M. A., & Rashid, F. (2015). Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Ferocactus echidne extract as a reducing agent. Analytical Letters, 48(7), 1180-1189.

Kaviya, S., Santhanalakshmi, J., Viswanathan, B., Muthumary, J., & Srinivasan, K. (2011). Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Citrus sinensis peel extract and its antibacterial activity. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 79(3), 594-598.

Devabharathi, V., Palanisamy, K., Sundaram, N. M. (2014). Orange fruit mediated synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 6, 3473-3477.

Magudapatty, P., Gangopadhya, P., Panigrahi, B. K., Nair, K. G. M., Dhara, S. (2001). PhysicaB: Condensed Matter, 299, 142–6.

He, S., Zhang, Y., Guo, Z., & Gu, N. (2008). Biological synthesis of gold nanowires using extract of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. Biotechnology Progress, 24(2), 476-480.

Supin Sangsuk. (2010). Materials Letters, 64, 775–777.

Sohn, J. H., Pham, L. Q., Kang, H. S., Park, J. H., Lee, B. C., & Kang, Y. S. (2010). Preparation of conducting silver paste with Ag nanoparticles prepared by e-beam irradiation. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 79(11), 1149-1153.

Guiquan, G, Weiping, G., Jian, L., Feng, X., Jinling, Z., & Hua, Z. et al. (2010). Applied Surface Science, 256, 6683–7.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.