CORRELATION OF INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY OF RETINOPATHY WITH SYSTEMIC RISK FACTORS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES
Abstract
Background: Diabetic retinopathy is the major cause of blindness among working age adults. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine correlation of incidence and severity of retinopathy with systemic risk factors in type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: 102 subjects of both sexes with mean age of 56.18 ± 9.41 years, with type 2 diabetes in age group of 40 to 70 years, were included in the study. Patients were screened for presence of associated risk factors including duration of diabetes, control of hyperglycaemia status, hypertension, HbA1c, neuropathy, nephropathy and dyslipidaemia. Ophthalmoscopic examination was performed after pupillary dilatation and staging of diabetic retinopathy was done. Results: Out of 102 subjects studied, 20 (19.6%) had diabetic retinopathy .Prevalence was higher in age group of 50 to 70 years age. Out of 20 subjects 12(60%) were classified as mild non- proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 3 (15%) had moderate non proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 2 (10%) had clinically significant macular oedema-CSME, 1 (5%) had retinal detachment-RD. In diabetic retinopathy present cases BSL fasting (184.25 )was higher as compare to retinopathy absent cases.(138.26) , which was statistically significant as P was 0.001, post meal sugar in retinopathy absent cases was (324.0),which was significantly higher than the diabetic retinopathy absent cases , where mean BSL post meal was (211.87)and p<0.0001. Summary and Conclusions: A significant association was observed between the duration of diabetes and presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy. Also there was strong association between high Body mass index, higher HbA1c, high post prandial blood sugar level and development of diabetic retinopathy.
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